If you have a good enough ear and/or are paying close attention, you will notice that the music in this game is all remixes of actual Touhou music.
Note that the vast majority of this aural research was done by two people, and it is by no means complete. If you hear something we missed, please please please contribute your findings.
Title Screen[]
Music used: Love-coloured Master Spark (Imperishable Night Stage 4b Boss Theme)
How sure are we?: Very
Other notes: The second LCMS melody that kicks in at about 0:35 can be readily identified as the first part of the song in this game.
Stage Select Screen[]
Music used: N/A
Forest World[]
Music used: Love-coloured Master Spark (Imperishable Night Stage 4b Boss Theme)
How sure are we?: Pretty
Other notes: This song uses the first LCMS melody (albeit fairly subtly), unlike the title screen which used the second.
Ice World[]
Music used: Lunate Elf (Embodiment of Scarlet Devil Stage 2 Theme), Paradise ~ Deep Mountain (Perfect Cherry Blossom Stage 1 theme)
How sure are we?: Very (Lunate Elf), Pretty (Deep Mountain)
Other notes: N/A
Sky World[]
Music used: The capital city of flowers in the sky (Perfect Cherry Blossom Stage 4 Theme)
How sure are we?: Very
Other notes: N/A
Volcano World[]
Music used: Nostalgic Blood of the East ~ Old World (Imperishable Night Stage 3 Theme), Extend Ash ~ Hourai Victim (Imperishable Night Extra Stage Theme)
How sure are we?: Pretty (Old World), Not very >_> (Extend Ash)
Other notes: I honestly can't pick out anything for sure other than the opening triples seeming to match Old World's opening triplets.
Scarlet Devil Mansion[]
Music used: The Maid and the Pocket Watch of Blood (Embodiment of Scarlet Devil Stage 5 Theme)
How sure are we?: Very
Other notes: The new Maid and Pocket Watch melody that kicks in at about 1:36 can be readily identified as the guitar's second melody in this game.
Hakugyokurou[]
Music used: Mystic Oriental Dream ~ Ancient Temple (Perfect Cherry Blossom Stage 5 Theme), Bloom nobly, cherry blossoms of Sumizome ~ Border of Life (Perfect Cherry Blossom Stage 6 Boss Theme)
How sure are we?: Very (Ancient Temple), Pretty (Border of Life)
Other notes: The slow, quiet beginning to MOD can be readily identified as the first, much slower melody in this game, and the new MOD melody that kicks in when Youmu appears as the stage midboss (at about 1:27) can be readily identified as the faster part of the song in this game. In addition, this song bears a very strong resemblance to the fortress theme from Super Mario World.
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The melody that kicks in in the Hakugyokurou Stage music at around 1:16 is probably taken from Yuyuko's boss theme, which shows up at the introduction as well as the beginning and end of the main loop.
Eientei[]
Music used: Cinderella Cage ~ Kagome-Kagome (Imperishable Night Stage 5 Theme)
How sure are we?: Very
Other notes: N/A
YukariSpace[]
Music used: Charming Domination (Perfect Cherry Blossom Extra Stage Theme)
How sure are we?: Very
Other notes: The CD melody that kicks in at about 1:56 (it "loops" only one) can be readily identified as the second melody in the song in this game.
Boss Battle[]
Music used: N/A
Other notes: The section from 1:10 - 1:30 seems to be from Imperishable Night's stage 4/title theme
Final Boss Battle[]
Music used: Onigashima in the Fairyland ~ Missing Power (Immaterial and Missing Power Gensokyo Theme)
How sure are we?: Very
Other notes: N/A
Ending Credits[]
Music used: Ending Credits Theme (Super Mario World)
How sure are we?: Very
Other notes: N/A
Rumia Yoshi[]
Music used: Apparitions Stalk the Night (Embodiment of Scarlet Devil Stage 1 Boss Theme)
How sure are we?: Very
Other notes: The second AStN melody that kicks in at about 0:27 can be readily identified as pretty much the whole of the song in this game.
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